International Construction Project International Frontier

Question: Describe about the International Construction Project for International Frontier. Answer: Introduction Cultural diversity is a vital chapter that needs to get manage in construction to get success in international frontier. There are several positive attributes that are involved to develop global business environment through administering the cultural diversity. Despite the huge enrolment of technologies, the construction industries still depend on engineers and their implications (Barthorpe et al 2000). Hence, to achieve project success, designers, engineers, clients, stakeholders, investors and many more need to arrange the technical know-how of the site preparation. Evolution has defined many signature aspects to human life, but few things will have continuous impact to ensure belief and perception for yearning the learned behaviour progression. The global business scenario is constantly evolving and it is essential to prerequisite the cultural differences to operate international business. Since culture has got tremendous potential to effect the affairs related to business activities, the organisation has to develop cultural concept to prevail freedom of mind in attempting global market -place. The collective programming of brain always get influence through parenting, community, profession, organisation, education and other relative attributes to feature the thought process for further connotation. The cultural relativism, is one of the profound subject where administering cultural differences is an imperative aspect to get project success. Definitely, culture is a prime principle that keeps churning thoughts and decisions to function, therefore, the organisation should have strategic alliances to ensure various construction dimension, such as internationalisation of contracting, nature of procurement, construction merger, and so on (Mahalingam et al 2005). An extension of the theoretical approach does define culture as the basic concept to live on, and that is social ly transmitted and acquired experiences of human to work on every step to find new avenue and that is why successfully operating out the cultural differences strengthen the organisational effectiveness. Moreover, there is a strong chances of competitive advantages as different potential minds hails to contribute the development of the project through enhancing the productivity of the organisation. In fact, to get the project completion in time, one has to understand the theories related to cultural differences, as managing various cultural perspective is an international topic that requires a lot of observation and experimentation to strengthen the international construction projects. The employees from different cultural backgrounds is necessary to get collective programming, according to the theory based on Hofstede. What we do or what we see, all depends on our cultural perspective affected by the surroundings, so cross- cultural management is surely an imperative knowledge manag ement process to arrange the project success (Jensen and Szulanski, 2004). Moreover, the success of the project is very crucial to measure the cultural differences over construction. Recent research has delivered a very profound vision that involved international differences in managing business culture. Thus, updated theories, identification of the crisis, practical guidance and critical challenges need strong decision- making policy to work on to explore range of professionals allotted to do one job. As it is already mentioned, there are several minds which are involved to contribute their best to achieve international construction development. Background and historical progression of construction project As the world has witnessed globalization, the international construction industry has shifted its focus on the facts related to the economic cooperation and exchange of technological aspects. The international construction projects has been observed to be one of the main activities in this context that has incorporated multinational respondents belonging from diverse economic, political, social and cultural backgrounds (Acworth and Thomas, 2014). The two major aspects that may create disorder in the construction industry are project procurement and on the other hand, construction disputes that have become notable issues that causes huge damages to the industry. It has been realized that the less developed or developing countries are being effective by the disputes in the international construction projects. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to deliver effective solution in relation to the disputes, but other issues related to the cultural diversities have emerged in thi s context. Though, the issues related to the cultural aspect in the construction industry need to be elaborated, as it is not so frequent in the previous researches (Haritonova, 2014). Thus, the concept of the international construction projects can be delivered in terms of those construction projects in which the contractor and the lead consultant or the employees work in the same domain but, in other region or country. As the construction projects are complex and at the same time multidimensional, therefore, in order to improve the possibilities of resolving these issues emerged from the cultural diversities, many construction projects are being conducted through a joint venture by many international construction companies. In relation to depict the historical progression of the international construction industry it can be said that the history of the construction project on the global platform have manifested many advantages and disadvantages that can be detected through the intervention of many international construction companies (Holt, 2016). But, the progressions of the historical aspects in relation to the international construction projects have developed certain notable features in order to deliver effective outcomes in relation to the construction projects. On the other hand, the progression can be recorded in the context of the technological advancements and cultural diversity that have delivered notable and evident improvement to the international construction projects in the less developed and developing countries. Thus, it can also be realized that at the first place the historical progression of the construction projects seems less important, but if a closer analysis in the context of the historical progression of the international construction projects would be projected therefore, it can be realized that the issues have more depth as it is related to the technological aspects. With the intervention of the international construction companies the international projects in the developing countries have acquired great strength and effectiveness which has been observed to be missing earlier. Therefore, it has been recorded that the cultural diversities play a major role in generating issues that are related to impacts and effectiveness of the international construction projects. Understanding of practical and theoretical situation The business activities in the construction industry are mainly influenced by the practical experiments that take place in the context of the construction project at an international level. Thus, there are certain facts that need to be evaluated in order to deliver focus on the practical situations and the impact of the theories on the practices of the construction industry. At the first place, the aspects related to the dispute resolution mechanism in the construction industry can be described in order to deliver insight regarding the practical practices of the international construction organisations in the context of the international construction projects (Chan and Suen, 2005). The dispute resolution issues have arisen from the economic downturn that is able to shape the dispute resolution of the construction projects. Thus, the arbitration dispute resolution mechanism is the result of the impact of increased use of arbitration and non-arbitration in the construction industry and projects. On the other hand, the issues related to the dispute resolution can be resolved through negotiation which does not include a third party in the context of the resolution in the international construction industry (Chan et al. 2014). Apart from this another effective method in relation to reducing the negative impacts of resolution is arbitration. Thus, certain facts can be considered in relation to resolving dispute resolution like the association of the cultural and legal matters, effectiveness of the contractual matters, and so on (Gad et al. 2011). Apart from this, the communication methods can also be regarded as the practices that deliver practical implications in relation to the international construction project. Communication plays a significant role in the international construction industry as people tends to communicate with each other in accordance with the environment of the industry (Adriaanse and Voordijk, 2005). Thus, in relation to the practices and daily course of work of the construction industry communication has been realised as an invaluable aspect in the context of generating communication with other teammates of the project. Therefore, communication has been considered as a pivotal aspect, as the entire action in the construction industry depends mostly on the information that is transmitted and is efficiently being delivered in order to survive in the competitive market (Mesro and Mandi?k, 2016). Thus, mutual understanding in the contract is another fact that needs special attention so the works related to international construction projects can be delivered with facing any kind of issues. Previously it has been realised that contract in the construction industry happens to be less valuable than today. Thus, the contract has a significant role in the construction industry that is acting in the international platform as contractors or business partners from diverse background come under one roof to generate a construction project. The main reason of such contract is to avoid situations like stringent financial status, competition among contractors, technical and contractual complexities in relation to international construction projects. Therefore, these practical situations are able to deliver practical situations in this regard. Cultural differences affecting the projects success The term culture has been realised to have the potential to influences activities that are related to business and construction projects. Thus, the differences in culture or the cultural beliefs of the employees have become one of the matters of concern for the organisations acting in the international platform, especially for the construction industry (Graf, 2008). Therefore, it has been realised that the organisations have to consider the cultural aspects in the course of their daily work schedule in order to deliver its services successfully in the market to survive in the competition. (Honda et al. 2000) stated that the concept of the cultural differences in the construction industry, as it differs from other industries due to the ways in which the construction projects have been dealt with or due to the contracting, procurement and so on. Apart from this, due to the fact of a strategic alliance in the construction industry has been observed to instigate the cultural differences, as employees from different cultural background have to interact with each other in the context of the construction project. The term culture has been defined some socialist as what an individual thinks and what has been produced from this point of view. Thus, it can be studied that project success and cultural differences are deeply connected to each other and the cultural dissimilarities are able to exercise its impact on the project success in the construction industry. In order to obtain success in the context of construction project, there are some criteria that need to be fulfilled in the construction industry (Klimenko, 2014). Thus, in relation to the cultural differences project success includes client satisfaction and at the same time benefits that customers intend to acquire from these construction projects can be seen as the vital aspects. It has been realised from the previous researches (Lee et al. 2016) (Lckmann, 2015) that cultural diversity or differences greatly influences the business activities of the construction companies on a daily basis along with influencing the positive or negative impacts on different culture in the construction companies working nationally or globally. On the other hand, in the context of the joint venture in the construction industry instances can be delivered in terms of the initiative of British and Russian company that generated a joint venture in relation to the construction project and the results were very must effective that has proven that cultural differences of two partners can deliver huge success to the project (Lckmann, 2015). Besides, it has also been recorded that the cultural differences have delivered success to the projects that are mainly influenced by the ethnocentric perspectives of individuals from a different background working in the international construction organisations. Therefore, it can be said that cultural diversity or differences are able to deliver success in the context of international construction projects. Strategic operational decision-making in international collaborations In the context of the international construction industry, decision making in the context of international collaborations are significant in order to avoid contractual or legal complexities. Thus, strategic operational decision making often includes the analysis of the situations in which all the related aspects in the context of international contracting in the construction industry (Miller-McLemore, 2012). Through the strategic decision making in the operations of the construction industry, more profit can be gained along with complex situations in relation to any construction project. Thus through three case studies in the importance of the strategic operational decision making can be delivered in the course of this study. The case studies are dependent on a particular situation through which the importance of strategic operational decision making and would be related to the international construction projects. Case 1: the core team is the stakeholders who are authorized to take decisions in relation to any project, whether to accept or cancel it. On the other hand, the university personnel who act as the tenants in this regard often deliver suggestions in relation to construction projects. The property owner has employed several construction project professionals who are accountable for dealing with the project. As the professionals would be conducting the entire project through their own process, therefore, the team needs to introduce themselves with the tenants in order to understand each others role and take the right decision (Naaranoja, 2015). If the situation can be analysed it can be realised that strategic decision making in relation to the process of conducting the construction project is very much vital in relation to both the property owner and the tenant. Case 2: at the construction site, one of the key workers has acquired a long sick leave and the stakeholders get affected due to such action of the worker and the entire predetermined timetable was ruined. Thus, the project manager would analyse the situation and handled with efficiency and strategic decision-making in order to utilise the timetable without wasting it while they are looking for another worker for the construction site. Thus, from this situation, it can be realised that with the strategic decision making unexpected situations like this can be managed (Popescu et al. 2014). Case 3: in the third case it can be seen that the problems between two stakeholders arise due to the inadequacy of the opinions of the two stakeholders. The conflict arises due to the fact that whether the tenants produce any process through which the construction work would be conducted or the project team should generate the entire action in accordance with their own process. Thus, in this context, the need for the strategic operational decision can be identified (Snowden, 2005). Therefore, from the above three case studies, it can be realised that strategic decision making acquires a vital part in the context of the international construction projects. Strategic decision making has been considered as one of the most important factors in relation to acquiring success in the competitive environment in the context of the construction industry. Therefore, a strategic operational decision must be taken keeping the fact of client satisfaction in mind. Thus, through the above-mentioned case studies the importance of strategic decision has been delivered in this regard (Taylor, 2015). Relation between Culture and Construction: An organisation works keeping in mind several perspectives important to its success and achievements. Organisational culture is one of the important aspect taking places in the organisation. The importance of culture in the organisation is very high for its success. The culture also plays a vital role in the functioning of the organisation. Organizational culture helps an organisation to have complete hold over the functions and the improvements of the company. The construction companies have higher cultural values as they have a great deal of work with the clients and recognizing their cultural aspect is also a part of the functioning of the organization. Culture can change from time to time (Wu and Liu, 2015). The cultural development in an organization can change itself from the changing time keeping in mind the growth and development of the generation and the country. This also changes when the change in cultural improvement is noticed in the other competitive construction compan ies. The adoption of culture is deeply linked with the active participation in the progress of the construction companies. The construction companies give a deliberate response to the cultural aspect of any company. The cultural growth leads to construction growth of the company. The culture development in a construction industry influences the development of the constructional projects and events of the company (Serkan, et al. 2008). Any international projects are based on the cultural development of the client construction companies and the other construction companies in accomplishing a construction project. The cultural differences also put impact on the management sector of the construction companies. A good cultural aspect of the company leads to a strong management of the company. The manager remains aware of the cultures of his companies and can manage his employees to follow the culture of the company to develop the construction projects as well as help in the flourishing of the organization (Fellows, 2010). The adoption of developed cultures in an organisation increases competition among the construction companies. The culture of a company makes it work more efficiently and successfully. The construction projects will run effectively only if the employees and the workers of the companies work according to their culture. The competition followed by the cultural effectiveness of an organisation results in a healthy competition between two construction companies (Druker, 2012). Different construction companies have a different cultural aspect that keenly defines the development and success rate of the companies to be different from one another. The culture of the organisation helps the employee to learn the proper way of communicating, perceiving and working in the atmosphere of the company. The proper characteristics of the company displayed by the employee help in the development of the construction projects that are offered by the clients either overseas or nationally (Arendsz and Hudso n, 2010). The consideration of the culture in an organisation is a major aspect when there is a construction project held overseas. The construction is based on the various cultures of the companies. The culture of an organisation helps in the development of the innovative, productivity and financial aspects of the construction. This increases the development of the construction companies. Advantages of the Cultural Differences: The cultural differences in various organisations play a vital role in the development of every organisation based the variety of cultures followed by a variety of construction companies. The different cultures have various advantages in the construction companies. The innovation in the ideas of construction also increases by the idea of various cultural aspects in other construction companies. There are different advantages of the cultural difference in a construction organisation. The implementation of cultural differences helps an organisation to gain effectiveness and increase its competition in the market (Ho, 2015). The competitive advantage of the construction company improves by the idea of different aspects of culture in the company. The cultural differentiations can improve the costing segment, management segment, and the resources, and marketing aspects, productivity of the company and the improved flexibility of the company. The improvement of all these aspects of the company helps in the development of the company from all aspects of success. The advantages of cultural differences are: Knowledge-sharing: the cultural differences lead to the sharing of knowledge among the companies. The importance of the knowledge sharing helps the companies to increase their improvement knowledge about the productions and the improvements to be done in the cultural segment of the company (Mavropoulos, 2008). The cultural diversities help in the enrichment of the organisation with different other knowledge for the development of the organisation. Innovation: the cultural diversities of the organisations help in the improvement of the ideas related to innovations. The innovation of several processes in the production of the company helps in creating innovative ideas of quicker production and effective team working aspects of the organisations. The innovations derived from the cultural differences of the organisations results in acquiring knowledge about the various innovative techniques of the quick and satisfying productions to the clients (Yitmen, 2013). This plays a great role of influencing the employees in improving their work even more and practices their work effectively for the success of the organisation. Problem-solving: the cultural differences among the organisation also have an advantage of the problem solving procedures of the organisation. The useful techniques are learnt from the other opponent organisations and the cultural differences between them help both the organisation to learn various procedures of solving various problems arising in the company. The cultural difference between the companies changes the aspects of management and managerial skills among the organisations. This is a very effective tool for the development of the managerial skills and the management of a company (Sunding and Odenrick, 2010). Learning different market issues: the culture of a company varies from that of others; hence, making clear the concept of learning from one organisation and the other. The cultural difference between the organisations shows the skill differentiation of the market problems that a construction company have to face. The learning of the cultural progression for the development of the market issues solving is a vital aspect of the cultural diversification in the construction companies. All these advantages play a vital role in making a construction company successful, these cultural diversities help in the mix and match of the cultures and building up a new cultural aspect with respect to changing time and modernisation (Zou, et al. 2012). This helps in the improvement of the company. Disadvantages of the cultural differences: When working with diverse cultures, it becomes difficult to maintain the success rate stagnant. The implementation of various cultures in a construction company deals with a lot of disadvantages as the compilation of several cultures may result in the degradation of understanding and this may lead to the failure of the company (Peace, 2010). There are various disadvantages of working with the diverse cultural aspects of the company; they are: Miscommunication: the different cultures can lead to severe miscommunication among the employees as well as the employers and the clients. This leads to the drop in the success rate of the company. Miscommunication leads to the insignificant problems created by the people in the companies. The language barrier is another aspect of miscommunication (Miscommunication involving 'standard care', 2011). If the person is not well versed and have no link with the language known by the other person there will be a communication gap between them; this may lead to the evolving of the miscommunication and lead to the failure of the company. Prejudice: the prejudice applied against a particular person in an organisation leads to a chaotic situation taking place in the organisation. This over-rule of the prejudices among the employees can affect the growth of the company. This can stop the effective workplace understanding among the employees and create a gap between them resulting in unsuccessful productivities (Wansing, 2001). The cultural diversification leads to prejudice enhancement sometimes so as to differentiate the various cultures of the company. Cultural shock: when a person is new at a work place, he faces cultural shock. This is the shock of getting indulged with various other cultures in the organisation leaving behind the previous cultures that were adopted by the person. The cultural shock can be caused by the acceptance of the different cultures in the company. This may lead to slow work progress in the company and this tends to the regression of the companys success (Moore, 2016). This can be improved by healthy team work and making the employee comfortable with the various cultures of the company. The use of the cultures in the company may result in the slow progress of the company but this is recoverable. These several disadvantages of the cultural differences in an organisation are harmful for the success of the construction companies. This can be overcome by various techniques opted for the personality development and teamwork procedures involved in the company. The use of skills learned by the employers should be implemented on the employees and they should also be taught several languages necessary for the dealings of the clients and the project works. There should be no problems among the employees for treating someone in a worse manner and hence separating him from the rest of the company. This should be stopped and proper communication and understanding should be there in a company to deal with the other difficulties that are to be faced by the project management teams (Eckert et al. 2011). The use of several techniques for the improvement of the company and the cultures responsible for the development should be acceptable to the employees. The cultural shock will reduce if the employee starts working as a team and incorporate the several different cultures that a company have for its development. If these aspects and remedies are used in a company the company will start flourishing itself in the international market keeping in view the development of the generations in the countries and the rate of modernisation in the world. Future scope of culture in international construction: The implementation of culture in the organisation gives special forwardness to the companies in the successful growth of the construction companies. The use of culture in the development of the future aspects of construction may lead to the increasing value of the cultures in the construction companies. The implementation of the culture may lead to the success rate of the future country developments. But in regards to that, there are certain reasons for the challenges that an implementation of the culture in a company may offer (Drejer and Skaue, 2007). The challenges are way difficult to be faced and there may arise various other problems in the company. The economic recession in the world may lead to less constructional projects in the future development hence, the companies should plan to create a chart for the low cost constructions with good quality products so as to maintain the importance of the construction companies all over the world. The cultures adopted by the companies s hould have the access over the maintenance of the risk factors and challenges of the construction company. They may need the efficiency and help of the government for the help of funding and letting the construction sector flourish internationally (Bakker, 2013). The use of various cultural aspects in the international companies may improve the global look out of the constructions. The innovative ideas and better problem solving capacities of the international companies in connection with the developing cultural aspect of the organisation is very essential for the construction companies in the upcoming future. The hike in the price if the construction plots and the products needed for construction processes may lead to the decline of the company. In order to keep it reorganised the management has to plan something for the improvement of the company problems and help it to decide a pricing list of reasonable prices to get more and more construction plots and projects (Switzer, 2014). The future development of the cultures may lead to the improvement in the accessibility of the overseas construction projects. The cultural difference between the overseas may help in the future development of the companies and its cultures to evaluate the success of the company. The future of the company with the implementation of several other variations of culture may lead to the success of the company and it may although include the active participation of the government and the cultures of various organisations for the development of the international construction industry (Pronk, 2009). Conclusion: In this study we can actively notice the use of the cultures in the several fields of a construction companies. The importance of culture in the development of the company is also shown in this study. The use of culture in the companies have led to the diverse implementation of the success techniques in a very innovative manner and helps in the active participation of the company employees to work for the development of the construction companies even better. There are various advantages and disadvantages of having separate cultures in the company. The practical experiences of the construction companies and the several case studies opted in the study clarifies the importance of construction companies and the relation of culture in the growth of the companies. Various other issues may be solved and the development of the company depends mainly on the cultures followed by the company to fulfil its success needs. 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