Canada and the Great Depression essays

Canada and the Great Depression essays In the 1930s, the world suffered an economic collapse now known as the Great Depression. It was like a disease that afflicted the entire capitalist world. But it struck Canada more severely than every other capitalist country except the United States. It began in 1929 when the other countries stopped buying Canadian goods. This forced many Canadian industries out of business. Thousands of Canadians lost their jobs. Some lost their homes as well. Nearly every Canadian felt the effects of the Depression. However, the hardest hits were single men and Prairie farmers. During the Great Depression, single men suffered the most significant hardship for two reasons. First, they were not able to find jobs. Single women often found jobs cleaning homes for the wealthy, or working for very low wages in a factory. Such work was rarely available for men. People who were lucky enough to find jobs often earned low wages. Second, single men were not able to receive government relief payments or food vouchers. Married unemployed men received these benefits because they had wives and children to support. Single men did not qualify for government relief because they did not have the same responsibilities. The 1930s were even worse for young men just entering the workforce. Most of them could not find steady work because there was always someone more experienced applying for the same job. With no money, but plenty of spare time, single men of all ages wandered across the country looking for work. Many could not afford to ride on passenger trains. They often stol e rides in, or on, freight trains. "Riding the rails" was illegal, but there were too few police officers to catch the many riders. The unemployed held PM Bennet responsible for not solving the situation before the depression hit. The Depression years were also difficult times for farmers on the Prairies. Their problems began in 1929 when other countries stopped buying Canadia...

20 History Essay Topics What to Talk about in a Paper on Egyptian Revolution of 2011

20 History Essay Topics What to Talk about in a Paper on Egyptian Revolution of 2011 If you are in need of some topics for your history essay on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, you should consider the causes, casualties, and consequences. All three of these categories make for substantial and important topics which can be used for a history essay on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. That being said, picking a proper topic can be tricky. It is for this reason that you will find a list of 20 topics on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 below helpful. Foreign Policies Influencing Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Casualties by Police Forces in Egyptian Revolution Foreign Policy Consequences of Egyptian 25th of January Revolution Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Socioeconomic Causes Political Contributions to Egyptian 25th of January Revolution Governmental Problems after Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Issues Facing New Government Elected After Egyptian Revolution Political Reasons that Led to the 25th of January Revolution Government Responses to Mass Protests in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Protest Power: How Protests Spark Real Change in Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Why Reforms Were Unsuccessful After the 25th of January Revolution How Tunisia Laid Groundwork for Egyptian Revolution Why Tunisia’s Revolution Was Quicker and More Successful than the Egyptian Revolution Unemployment Levels in Egypt Before Versus After Egyptian Revolution Poverty Levels in Egypt Before Compared to After the Egyptian Revolution Muslim Brotherhood After the Elections Influence of International Politics on Police Brutality in Egyptian Revolution Use of Technology in the Egyptian Revolution of January 25th Age Demographics of Protesters in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 Internet Restrictions: Causing Bigger Influence of National Media Sample History Essay on Political Reasons that Led to the 25th of January Revolution The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 had many causes. It also had many casualties and many consequences for the future of Egypt. The former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak had signed many foreign policies which did not sit well with his constituents, namely agreements for peace with Israel and support from the United States. But in addition to these issues, political corruption was rampant and as this rampant nature of the governing machine grew, so did the unemployment rates and poverty rates among citizens. In the decade prior to the Egyptian revolution opposition organizations began to form rapidly. The Muslim Brotherhood was among the top opposition organizations calling for free elections and demanding that the presidential elections to be democratic. While the former president had been elected for over two decades at that time, he had faced no opposition and ran in single-party elections. Having a single candidate election had upseted the citizens of Egypt to no end. Many people have outspoken against the president and the hold he had on political power. Those who have outspoken faced severe penalties including torture, imprisonment and even death in hands of the internal security services. In 2005 the Muslim Brotherhood had gained so much popularity that local elections indicated they would win. The former president Hosni Mubarak had banned the Muslim brotherhood from the country. For the first time in 2010 the former president of Egypt faced an opponent. After the victory of Hosni Mubarak, he had his opponent jailed on the charges of fraud. Beginning in December of the year 2010 there were unprecedented numbers of demonstrations throughout several Arab countries against political repression, poverty and corruption. These demonstrations challenged the authority of some of the most historically eventful in the Middle East. This was the case in which the uprising of Egypt had forced one of the most influential and long-serving leaders of the region from power. The first demonstrations took place in December of the year 2010 in Tunisia. They have started when a young man set himself on fire because of unemployment rate and the police corruption that was rampant in the country. Rallies have demanded for the president to step down.They had occurred throughout the country and in many cases the police had to resort to violence in order to control the crowds. As the clashes between protesters and police escalated the president announced a handful of economic and political reforms in the attempt to stop the continued violence. His attempts were unsuccessful. As the demonstrations continued the president was forced to flee the country. This success of this uprising which has since been called the Jasmine Revolution is what inspired a similar movement in Egypt. Many youth groups organized demonstrations including the established opposition parties of Egypt. These organizations too have set up bases in the capital city and many large cities throughout the country. The protesters called for the president to step down and demanded free elections and democracy. These demonstrations continued to gain strength and as they did the president resorted to violent tactics against the protesters. These tactics resulted in hundreds of injuries and deaths. The presidents attempt to placate the protesters with certain concessions such as agreeing to step down at the end of his current term did not satisfy the citizens. Three weeks of mass protest took place before the president finally stepped down and left the Egyptian military in control of the country. While the protesters in Egypt focused the anger they had on domestic issues like that of government opposition, oppression and poverty. Many observers took note that the political change was able to impact the foreign affairs and affect the long-standing political balance throughout Egypt. Central element of the foreign policy under the ousted president became unpopular with the public. It is established that with a new regime such foreign and internal policies could be changed for better. References: Abdelmottlep, Mamdooh A. The Egyptian Revolution: An Analysis of the Egyptian Police Response, the Way to the Egyptian Police Reform (Subjective Projection).  FRCIJ  1.5 (2015): n. pag. Web. Hamdy, Basma, and Stone.  Walls of Freedom. Print. Khalil, Ashraf.  Liberation Square. New York: St. Martins Press, 2012. Print. Rennick, Sarah Anne. Contested Meanings in the Egyptian Revolution.  socio  2 (2013): 81-98. Web. Salman, Doaa. Vulnerable Egyptian Labor Market Challenges After the Egyptian Revolution.Poverty Public Policy  6.3 (2014): 239-258. Web. Saouli, Adham. Performing The Egyptian Revolution: Origins of Collective Restraint Action in the Midan.  Political Studies  63.4 (2014): 730-746. Web. Steavenson, Wendell.  Circling The Square. Print.

Social Information Processing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Information Processing Theory - Essay Example Media-Richness Theory agrees with Social Presence Theory because it classifies CMC as incapable of expressing rich verbal and non-verbal cues. Walther differs in opinion to these theories because he believes that, as long as sufficient social messages are exchanged and subsequent relational growth is attained, CMC can also produce close relationships. Walther proposes the Social Information Processing Theory which states that through CMC, people exchange interpersonal information, form impressions, and decide how to use these impressions to form or not form close interpersonal relationships. Social Information Processing Theory helps understand how I formed close relationships with people in my G+ communities, specifically Elena and Hermie. I have recently been active in G+ communities, especially those involved in health and fitness. Walther is right to say that even if CMC does not present exactly the same cues as face-to-face communication, online users compensate by using cues th at are available to them. Cues refer to a wide range of verbal and non-verbal impressions that are not always directly stated but rather personally observed. Impression formation, according to Social Information Processing Theory, refers to the formation of mental images about other people. When I interconnect with my G+ community members, my impression from them is formed through what they share with our community, whether they are words, or words with images, or any article, blog entry, images, and videos that say something about their ideas, beliefs, practices, and aspirations. From reading and seeing these expressions of themselves, I can form impressions of their personalities. For instance, Elena, one of my Health community members, is the same age as I am, but she studies in India. She is overweight and very much interested in losing weight through changing her lifestyle and mindset about beauty and health. I know her goals through my interactions with her through our communi ty and the health news and health changes she shares with us. Hermie is older, 55 years old, and she lives in the U.S., but, like Elena, she is into healthy and natural living. I like her because her posts are funny and inspiring. She shares inspirational messages and stories from other people and herself through our G+ communities. I understand the personalities of Hermie and Elena through the direct information we share with one another and form impressions about them through these online interactions. In turn, people who are in my G+ communities can also generate impressions about who I am through my own posts on the communities and on my own G+ account. For instance, when I share something about the benefits of virgin coconut oil and how it can be used for different health purposes, others who view my posts will understand that I am the kind of person who wants and prefers natural products over commercial ones. Elena, for instance, once wrote to me that she has been wanting to f ind something natural to help her lose weight and that since she saw my post on virgin coconut oil, she thinks that drinking two tablespoons of it every day has helped her break her weight plateau. From there, we continuously interact to get different kinds of information from one another. These kinds of information may be personal knowledge and experiences, or any form of sharing that we get from our communities. Social Information Processing

Toyota's Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Toyota's Economy - Essay Example Most of the banking institutions have closed or merged their operations with the existing other institution in order to facilitate uninterrupted service to their customers. The financial institutions were not the only ones affected by the crisis, as other manufacturing and service sector companies like General Motors, Satyam Computers and so on were also affected. The recession has done bad things, but also good things to bring out some of the malpractices to the light of the stakeholders and government taking place within the organization of the company that resulted in bankruptcy. Additionally, there are companies that faced the past and present crises and are still going strong. This paper intends to study the impact of the crisis on Toyota’s economy, while assessing its strategies for future development. Growth of Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor was the second step taken by its founder Sakichi Toyoda, when he first started the Toyoda Automatic Loom Company, which was supported by the Japanese Government due to its military application. In December 1945, Toyoda was permitted to start up a peacetime production by the U.S. military and by 1947 made the SA Model, called ‘Toyopet’. ... Apart form manufacturing, Toyota was involved in many mergers and acquisitions which included the acquisition of Hino, Daihatsu and Denso, which were once Toyota’s electrical component that broke up after WWII (Toyota History, 2009). Presently, the current investment of Toyota Motors stands at 1.9 bn, with 6,850 employees. As per the 2007 FY Report, consolidated net sales valued at 1,651.2 bn yens, current income at -0.5 bn yens and net income -1.0 bn yens (Economic Report). However, the financial crisis has a definite impact on the development of Toyota in certain parts of the world. Effects of Financial Crisis Toyota suffered its worst slowdown since its inception in the year 1937, reduced the production, and cut back on investments to combat falling sales and increasing yen. It is reported that Toyota Motors will be incurring a loss of around 1.2 billion euros (rfi.fr). The recent financial crisis had a drastic effect on the business of Toyota Motor Corporation. According t o the Economic Report in FY 2008, despite the increase of net sales, the company incurred huge operating losses, which resulted in the value of assets and shareholder equity. Mreg Marco (2008) reports that Toyota experienced a downslide of 32% in U. S. sales alone. Moreover, experts warned more doom and gloom in the coming years despite frantic measures being taken by the government to stem the tide of bad data (AFP, 2009). These financial losses and net decrease in sales has resulted in DBRS downgrading the long-term ratings of Toyota and its subsidiaries from AAA to AA. DBRS also reported that recent fiscal reports were far below the expectations with total revenues dropping to 20.5 trillion yen, a decline of 22% and an operation loss of 461 billion yen, despite cost cutting

Classical Humanism and Architecture Essay Example for Free

Classical Humanism and Architecture Essay INTRODUCTION Classical humanism in architecture is a direct reflection of a human quest of self-realization through ages. As for the recorded evidences one can go back to the periods of Plato, Zeno, Epicurus or Aristotle – the period reigned by Greco-Roman philosophers – when this quest of know thyself flourished and established itself as a philosophy to woo the future generations. Thus this essay takes a quick look to expressions of classical humanism through the wonderful architectural remains of Acropolis that contains the signs of evolution in architecture too – before coming into its own conclusion. Classical Division of Greco-Roman Architecture The period in discussion contains three distinctive division of architecture, viz. , Doric, Ionic and Corinthian order. Doric could be termed as the mainstream architecture of Greece, which later gave way to Ionic and Corinthian order, where each of them can be identified through their different finishes at the sections like cornice, frieze, architrave, capital, shaft and base. Out of them two styles still co habit in Acropolis – Parthenon and Erechtheum, while the third, belonging to Roman era, has two of its bright examples in the Temple of the Sybil in Rome or in the Charlotte City Hall (Shulman). Classical Humanism It can be identified as the improvised state of early Greek Humanism (1200-750 B. C. ), when the Greeks had evolved with the concept of arete (human excellence), where the guiding elements were courage, loyalty, generosity, mercy, dignity, decency, honor, stoicism and strength (Sunami, 2004). Gradually the depiction of these elements as virtues took shape in architectural details besides other modes of expressions like drama, painting or writing, where a realistic approach dominated the proceedings. It is because of that the human-centered sculptures done by them or the details in their architecture attempts to create near-perfect depiction of figures. Parthenon In spite of its present dilapidated state, Parthenon (447-432 B. C.), the home of Greek goddess Athena Perthenos (the Virgin Athena) is easily the best example of both Doric architecture and Humanism, where its simple columns and the detailed human figures would reflect a plain living and high thinking philosophy. In fact, the Doric architecture relied much on the solidity rather than frills, which is evident in its many expressions, like the shafts of its overall 46 columns or their capitals and friezes besides cornices. As for humanism, it contained many figures, and especially the metops (relief-works), which were altogether 92 in number, spread all around to depict the series of mythological events or the successful war ventures of the people of Athens. The near-accurate depiction of various muscuto-skeletal states of humans speaks of the deep thoughts applied by their creators. Erectheum Thereafter, the fascination with mathematics and geometry of the Greeks belonging to the period 500 B. C. – 30 B. C. , led to their advancement in architecture (Sunami, 2004) while maintaining their idea of humanism. A great example of such an evolution could be seen in Erectheum (421-405 B. C. ), which had replaced Doric architecture by Ionic order, a style developed in Ionia region of Greece. The six Ionic columns of its facade beholding six sculpted figures of maidens with large bead and reel and egg and dart moldings (Osborne), corroborates the fact. Corinthian Order Further departure from Doric is observed in Corinthian order of architectural style, where the capitals of its pillars started having flowers and leaves below a small scroll (Shulman), besides tweaking its shafts and cornices to establish a flattened look, altogether indicating evolution in both architecture and philosophy of humanism, where the later emphasized on nature more than before. CONCLUSION The philosophy of humanism or the trends in architecture are both never-ending subjects, but the wonderful episode of their togetherness in the early era sill serves as food for thoughts like simplicity is the hallmark of elegance or every instance of human existence is embedded with history, philosophy and nature. Ends Works Cited Shulman, B. R. Classical Orders. Retrieved 20 December 2007, from http://www. cmhpf. org/kids/dictionary/ClassicalOrders. html Sunami, C. 2004. History of Humanism. Retrieved 20 December 2007, from http://kitoba. com/pedia/History+of+Humanism. html Osborne, R. The Erechtheum. Retrieved 20 December 2007, from http://www. jact. org/publications/sample_erechtheum. htm.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I want to thank my family for giving me the opportunity to receive a private education and for encouraging me to always do my best. Thank you to my friends and their parents who have loved me and believed in me. Most of all, I want to say thanks to God for giving me the gifts He has and for loving me unconditionally; for without Him, I am nothing. It is hard for me to believe that we are graduating from high school; time has flown by. At the beginning of freshman year I remember being scared and wondering just how I would fit in and if I would make friends or not. I wasn't fearful for long though because our class bonded right away. I believe we came together so much because we changed together and we discovered life together. As Mr. Leopold would say, we had many "Aha's" along the way. We experienced uncertainty, frustration, and sorrow, but we overcame because we laughed and we laughed and we laughed. And, we hoped and we prayed. We genuinely encouraged each other and now at the end of our senior year we could not ask for more faithful friends. At Kennedy Murphy we are not ju...

Discuss About Intravenous Urography Health And Social Care Essay

I would wish to discourse approximately endovenous Urography in this paper. Intravenous Urography or merely known as IVU is a process to analyze the urinary system by utilizing contrast media. It had been start utilizing in twelvemonth 1930 to analyze the upsets of urinary system. It is performed to diagnosed nephritic map and investigates the anatomy of the kidneys, ureters and urinary vesica. The indicants for executing a IVU scrutiny are suspected urinary piece of land pathology, repeated harm, haematuria, injury and probe of hypotension in immature grownup. Urography may besides utilize to execute the pre- or post-therapeutic evalution of rock disease. The urography imaging sequence is design to supply diagnostic. The contrast media is brought to the kidneys through blood circulation, filtered in the glomeruli and concentrated in the nephritic tubules. Then the contrast media will delivered to the pelvic girdle, ureter and vesica where radio-opaque show on X-ray movies. Normally this scrutiny will be performed by the physician to avoid unfortunate incidences. The intent of IVU is the primary probe for urinary disease such as urinary rock, urinary rednesss, urinary injury and obstructor, assorted and contraindications. Some necessary safeguards are taken to avoid the allergic reactions. This safeguards include ask whether patient is allergic to any medical specialty or nutrient, is patient ( adult females ) pregnant or have any opportunity to pregnancy within a hebdomad and any diseases that may do patient to hold anaphylactic daze during scrutiny. Equipments that are needed during Intravenous Urography are exigency cart to the full equipped and handily placed, instrument for injection is arranged on a little, movable tabular array or on a tray, often used unfertile points must be readily available, disposable acerate leafs and panpipes are widely used in this process, nonsterile points such as compression bandage, little waste bin, vomit basin, disposable rub, contrast media that is required, and dressing for puncture site must be required. Besides that, a pillow or folded tower that can be place under patient ‘s cubitus during the injection of contrast media to diminish force per unit area. The equipment for endovenous disposal equipment are 50ml syringe, make fulling needle, skin homework, gluey tape, choice of acerate leafs, straight/'Butterfly ‘ 16,19,21,23 gage and compression bandage or blood force per unit area turnup. Emergency drugs and equipment such as steroid injection, adrenaline injection, antihistami ne injection, endovenous dextrose trickle and O for inspiration must be checked every twenty-four hours and easy to get during IVU scrutiny. Basically, we are utilizing 3 types of contrast media during IVU scrutiny. They are Niopam 300, Omnipaque 350 and Urograffin 370. Doses of contrast media that injected into a 70 kilogram, normal blood urea grownup are 50 milliliters through endovenous. Before injected the contrast media to patient, the contrast media must be warmed to personify temperature. To shoot the contrast media into the vena, a 19 gage acerate leaf must be punctured into the average cubital vena. Then the contrast media that been warmed to about 36-37 grade Celsius will be injected. This process is ever performed by the Radiologists or physician. Then movies are taken at intervals will show whole nephritic system. At the twenty-four hours of scrutiny, patient is necessitating to alter to hospital gown. Make certain patient had emptying the vesica to forestall dilution of contrast media with urine. Patient is placed on the tabular array with supine place in the X-ray room, the MSP of the patient perpendicular to the midplane of the grid. Support patient ‘s articulatio genus by utilizing a pillow to cut down dipped curvature of lumbar spinal column. This can supply a more comfy place to patient. Compression devices must be prepared before the scrutiny, so that it will be ready to application in a specific clip. Obtain a preliminary radiogram of the venters. Then fix for the first post-injection before the contrast medium is injected. A cassette with movie is placed in the bucky tabular array, place the cassette and set on markers on the cassette. Changes are made on focus and exposure factors based on the prelim movie. Contrast media for injection intent is prepared utilizing sterile techn ique. Administration of contrast media into patient ‘s organic structure is normally done by the physician harmonizing to the patient ‘s organic structure size, ages and weight. Several radiogram will be taken at specified intervals get downing from the clip the contrast media is wholly emits into patient ‘s organic structure. In approximately 2 to 8 proceedingss the contrast media will get down to look in the pelvicaliceal system. Patient demand to empty their vesica as the scrutiny is over and a radiogram will be taken to guarantee that contrast media is wholly removed from the organic structure. The typical exposure values for IVU are 65-75kVp, 50-70mAs, 100cm of Film Focusing Distance ( FFD ) , used grid to diminish spread radiation and utilize regular film/screen. 5 X-ray movies will be taken during this scrutiny. The first X ray besides known as preliminary movie is a normal abdomen X ray. The movie should include most of the venters and pelvic girdle ( kidneys, ureters and vesica ) . If the movie is demoing unsatisfactory component such as gases and a tonss of fecal matters inside the patient venters, we might hold to prorogue the scrutiny. This is cause by the patient that did non follow the direction right. This is usually go on on the out-of-door patient. This scrutiny will be go on when patient have achieved proper readying. The 2nd movie ( immediate movie ) is after the patient is injected with the contrast media. The intent of this movie is to show AP nephritic disease by demoing nephrogram, examples the nephritic parenchyma. The 3rd movie or merely known as 5 proceedingss movie is taken to find whether farther dosage of contrast media is required or non. We might use compaction to dilate pelvicalyceal system so that it can clearly sho w make fulling defects in the 3rd movie ( 15 proceedingss movie ) . The Forth movie ( 25 proceedingss movie ) is taken to show the distended vesica. This can be done by concentrating 15 degree caudal angulations and the upper boundary line of the symphysis pubic bone is centered. The last movie ( station urination movie ) will show the emptying success of vesica and the antecedently distend lower terminals of ureters had been returned to normal. There are besides some extra projections required such as inspiratory, expiratory and oblique projection so that relationship of opacities and make fulling defects to the nephritic piece of land is demonstrated. Purpose of imaging is to show lineations nephritic and overcome darkening from the gastro enteric piece of land. An immediate station injection radiogram should show the kidneys addition in denseness because of the contrast within the uriniferous tubules. Different denseness nephrograms may bespeak nephritic nephritic arteria stricture, if this is suspected a series of movies at 1, 2, and 3 proceedingss after injection can convey more accurate visual image. The kidney lineations should be smooth and does non concentrating contrast media. If it is concentrating the medium, it is likely cause by tumours. The calyces, nephritic pelvic girdle and portion of ureter should be seeable in the 5 or 10 proceedingss movie. Both kidneys should hold the same denseness as the nephrogram is reduced. If we see 1 of the kidney denseness is lower, it might be cause by ureteric diseases such as urinary obstructor. To find site of obstructor, a delayed movie is required after 45 to 60 proceedingss after injection. 15 proceedingss movie shall demo the cause of urinary obstructor. Urinary obstructor might be caused by stne, coagulum or tumor near the ureteric opening. If the ureters are dilated, the cause is likely in the vesica or urethra. The intent of taking vesica movie is to name the unnatural size of vesica that might be cause urinary diseases. Examples of the diseases are prostate expansion, urethral obstructor, neurogenic vesica, TB, Schisotosomiasis, rocks, calcification, tumor and gas in the vesica. It is the duty of a Radiographer to use to patient and radiographer to diminish the radiation doses that receive. Guidelines refering radiation protection are using gonad shield to patient if it does non overlap the part of involvement. Collimation need to be applied so that lone part of involvement merely will have radiation. Do non reiterate the scrutiny so that patient will non have external radiation. Male patient shall be shield for all scrutinies. Some patient might shown some symptoms such as sickness, minor urticarial roseolas, on occasion terrible laryngeal hydrops, anaphylactic daze and cardiac apprehension. As the marks of these symptoms appear on patient, injection of contrast media must be stopped instantly. Emergency drugs such as antihistamines and steroids are given to patient. Decision is IVU is a safe scrutiny with all the set up in the X-ray room and it gives detail information to physician for diagnose intent.

Hierarchical Analysis of Industries

Hierarchical Analysis of Industries Classes, categories, forms, brands Product hierarchy is a term which defines the way a product is relative to other products in the same industry. It guides the path and process a consumer takes to determine the products we choose and we eventually purchase. To start off we look at a basic need that our ultimate choice serves. After we identify the need and determine which industry will satisfy it we are faced with decisions. Which class of products in that industry will deliver that type of product?The different classes all serve a need that is relative to each other but may not serve the specific need. This is where we identify which category of product we are looking for. Here we will find products that serve similar functions and may be marketed to the same customer groups. To further narrow down our choices we must then select a product form that may serve a specific function. This is where we find the exact product that fills the ultimate nee d. Finally we make our end choice by choosing the brand of that product that will purchase.The actual number of levels in the hierarchy depends on how much more detailed or defined the need is. For example if someone wants soap and their only need is to clean something generic, they wouldn’t dig deeper into the types of soap they are looking for rather than looking for a specific type of cleaning agent for granite counter tops for example. To further explain and give examples of how a product falls into a product hierarchy I will look at five different industries. 1. In the first instance the consumer’s end goal is to open a checking account and the basic need is security.Industry Finance| Class| Savings| Diversified Investments| Insurance| Real Estate| Category| Bank/Credit Union and Online or in person| | | | Form| Checking, Savings, CD’s, Credit Cards, Bill Payment| | | | Brand| CHASE| | | | A consumer would first decide which area of the industry they need. The industry is divided into 4 classes: Savings, Diversified Investments, Insurance and Real Estate. Since our need falls under the first class of â€Å"Savings† it is not necessary to break down the other branches of the industry and explain all the choices they have.In order to open a checking account for example they would decide at the class level what type of institution would suit their needs. At the category level there are choices such as, should you use a credit union or a traditional commercial bank. Both serve the same general service but credit unions tend to be smaller and more community or organization oriented. They might be affiliated with a certain geographic area or group of professionals like teachers for example. They are also non-profit financial institutions owned by their members and run by a board of directors which are typically their members.They appear to offer a more personal service which is their point of marketing it. Banks could be as small as community based or as large as national organizations but they are for-profit businesses. The board of directors of a bank is chosen by the stockholders (private investors). Also will you need on-line or in-person services. There are many institutions which advertise to fill the needs of one or the other (or both) of these consumers. For example a business professional that travels often would not have the time to physically stop by a bank branch to take care of their needs.In this case, a full service on-line institution would better serve that customer. The customer who needs to sit down with a customer service representative to assist them in some way would possibly choose a bank branch for in-person service. Once that decision is made a customer would determine which specific form of the product is necessary. In this industry for example, a customer might be looking for service in checking, savings, certificate of deposits, mortgages or bill paying, etc.At this level I believe t he company uses marketing strategies to show the benefits of their brand and the attributes of their products which ultimately will help the consumer choose a specific brand or in this case institution such as CHASE BANK for example. 2. The end goal is to purchase running shoes but the basic need we are looking to fill here is to clothe ourselves. Industry Apparel| Class| Men’s wear| Women’s wear | | Children’swear| Category| Clothes/ Shoes/ Accessories| | | Form| Casual/Dress/Athletic| | | Brand| Asics| | |The general industry that running shoes are in is the Apparel industry. The class that this need falls into could be either men’s, women’s or children’s apparel. A similar need can be met in either of these classes but for a different target market. There is no substitutability at this level. In this particular instance it would be a straight forward decision based on the gender of the person who needs the product. At the next level a con sumer will have specific categories that their item will fall under. All the items at this level serve a more defined function; in this case they would be to clothe us, but just at the overall level.This is a good example of how an industry hierarchy can have many levels. Within each of the different items that fall in this category there are many choices you may have to get to fulfill the ultimate need before you even pick the specific form of the item. For example, Clothing is one type in this category but within this you may have to decide from outerwear, underwear, pants, skirts, dresses, shirts, etc. Accessories are even broader encompassing everything from hats to belts, scarves, ties, socks and so on. The category level that running shoes fall into is shoes. Once we know exactly what we want we decide on the specifics.This is the product form and where our running shoes fall. If we were looking for casual shoes, dress shoes, sandals or athletic shoes we would make that decisi on at the form level. You cannot substitute different forms at this level because they would not serve the purpose intended. You could not wear dress shoes to go jogging. Once again the detail of this level is open for discussion because there technically are more options once we select the athletic footwear since running shoes are just one type. There are endless types available based on the activity they are being used for.Finally we may choose a brand such as Asics based on brand awareness. 3. The basic need we are looking to fill here transportation but the end goal is to purchase an automobile. Industry Transportation| Class| Ground-Auto/Rail/Bus| Sea- Ship| | Air- Planes| Category| Cars/trucks/vans or motorcyclesCommuter trains/cargo/ orPassenger bus, charter bus| Cruise ships/ cargo/yachts/sailboats| Private/commercial| Form| 2 door, 4 door, sedan, hybrid, convertible| | | Brand| Honda| | | The transportation industry is broken down into 3 main classes: ground transportation which is auto, rail or bus; sea/ships or air/planes.All choices result in the movement of goods or people but depending on the purpose one might choose one over another. In this instance the end result is to purchase a car so we will just look at ground transportation. The main categories within the auto class are cars, trucks, vans and motorcycles. Since these different forms of transportation are pretty cut and dry we know that vehicle we wish to purchase will be met in the car category. The Form level is where substitutability is introduced. We now have choices of the type of vehicle we wish to purchase such as cars/trucks/vans/SUV/motorcycles, etc.Of course, we can further break down the type cars by 2 door, 4 door, sedan, hatchback, etc. There is great substitutability at this level depending on our need and taste. Finally our ultimate choice is based on brand which has strong customer loyalty in the auto industry. 4. The basic need in the publishing industry is to inform and e ducate the consumer and our purpose is to purchase a newspaper for example. Industry publishing| Class| Books| Periodicals | | CommercialPrinting services| Category| Literature/manuals/text ooks| Newspapers/magazines| Brochures/flyers/catalogs| Form| paper/digital/internet based| paper/digital/internet based| paper/digital/internet based| Brand| | Newsday| | All the items in the class category of publishing serve a need that is similar to each other which is to inform us but in a very general way. They may not meet our specific need. We have to select the category that our meets our needs. Books are acquired and saved as entertaining or reference items whereas periodicals are used to inform us.The commercial end of publishing usually has a different end user like a manufacturing company or business that is looking to advertise or get knowledge out to the consumer. At the next level the consumer will decide which of these categories best suits their needs. Here the choices involve wh ich mode type of publication would be necessary. Either books/periodicals/brochures, etc. The form which is chosen will differentiate the mode by which we will use the product. There is more product substitutability at this level because consumers may us different mediums of obtaining the same information.For example by paper print/internet/digital and finally the brand choice could be based on the loyalty of a company like a newspaper you always read and purchase. 5. The basic need is for personal care and the specific purpose in this case is to buy shampoo. Industry Personal care| Class| Cosmetics- luxury items| Personal Hygiene- essential items| | | Category| makeup/perfumes/beautification products| skin care/hair care/oral care| | Form| lipstick/body spray/hair removal/| toothbrush/toothpaste/soaps/deodorant/shampoo| | Brand| Revlon| Pantene| |We can differentiate the personal care industry by determining wants (luxury items) and needs (essential items). There is a small margin dividing these classes based on what you perceive as an essential item. In this instance shampoo is considered essential so it falls into the personal hygiene class. The items in the category class all serve a similar function but cover a wide variety of needs. To be more specific, all skin care items may be marketed to the same consumers but they may not serve a specific or desired need.To seek the actual product we are looking for we must determine which form of the product is required. Within the hair care line we can distinguish between moisturizing, body or dandruff shampoos for example. And ultimately we choose the brand based on pricing, product loyalty or other brand choice factors. Before we make a conscious decision to make a purchase, many of our decisions are made for us based on our needs. We decide which class and category of a product we choose to fill our basic need and then differentiate our choices based on what form of the product we eventually purchase.Finally w e choose a brand based on how these products are marketed to us. References: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard http://www. citeman. com/1587-product-hierarchy-and-product-line-length. html https://getsatisfaction. com http://www. msci. com/ http://www. wdfi. org/wca/consumer_credit/credit_guides/DifferencesBanksCreditUnionsSavingsInstitut http://www. ions. htm http://www. prospects. ac. uk/industries_publishing_overview. htm

Hinduisms Religion and Its Scriptures

Hinduisms Religion and Its Scriptures Religion originates from ancient Latin practices and language where some practices were adopted to bind people to God. Religion is a way of life that connects people to God and according to some people it helps in attainment of Godliness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hinduisms Religion and Its Scriptures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Religion has been there since the beginning of the universe with the purpose of bringing consolation to human beings who do not want to exist like any other objects or animals but want some spiritualism so that they can have some peace and consolation of the spirit. Past experiences have shown that human beings do not live to eat or gain wealth alone but there is something that we always crave for so as to get satisfaction with life. In this paper, I am going to discuss about the religion of Hinduism some of its practices and its principles. According to Smith (1991), â₠¬Å"Hinduism as a religion has its roots in India and the name â€Å"Hinduism† originated from the dominant religion that was practiced in India.† It is believed to be the oldest religion that has been practiced according to Hindu loyalists. Unlike other religions which have basic foundation of prophets like Christianity and Islam, Hinduism does not have prophets that spread it values like Jesus and Mohammed of the later religions. Hinduism is different from other religions in the sense that it does not rely on teachings from specific people or prophets in history. It does not have religious fanatics. Banerji (1992) wrote that, â€Å"Another name that is used to refer to this religion is Sanatana-Dharma and Vaidika Dharna.† Sanatana implies that it is a religion that is eternal while Vaidika means the religion of the Vedas. Due to the fact that it is the oldest religion, followers of this religion refer to it as an eternal religion and that it has the protection o f God. The name Vaidika Dharma is referred the same as Hinduism due to the fact that the scriptures that govern the conduct of Hindus originate from it. The scriptures that determined the practices of Rishis are regarded as the basis of the religion of Hinduism.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hinduism is a little bit different from other religions in the manner in which practices are imposed. There is no dogmatic imposition of religious practices, but provides a means through which individuals dictate for themselves and approve things for themselves. There total freedom on the way people think and decide for themselves. It does not restrict individuals to think but allows them to reason out issues freely. Some researchers refer to it as, â€Å"A religion that guarantees freedom.† This is due to the fact that it allows people to question the existenc e of God, creation myths, how to worship and the relevance of life. The other characteristic of this religion is that it does not dismiss doctrines of other religions or even adherence of other rituals and forms of worship. Neither does it force their doctrines and teachings on people but gives them a chance to assess and meditate for themselves. As a result of these fundamental believes, Hinduism has got the favor of some religions in India who have collaborated with it to foster their values. Hinduism does not criticize people who doubt the existence of God and as the soul maker of the world and all creatures. The groups of people who doubt existence of God are considered respectable members Hindu religion. Hinduism can be considered as the extremist version of catholic practices and is characterized with liberty. This feature of Hinduism gives it an image that it is respectful to all religions. It does not revolt against teachings of other religions but considers what is regarded as truth irrespective of where it originates. Despite the fact that there are several religious groups in India, Hindus live in harmony with all of them and tolerate behaviors of followers of other religions. Their ability to tolerate other religions is exemplary. Irrespective of the differences in religious practices among different sections of the Hindu, the perception of the religion and the way it presents itself to the outside world is uniform. According to Radhakrishnan and Moore (1967), â€Å"Hinduism as a religion, compels for provision of Yoga Sadhnana and spiritulal food for all followers so that they can regulate their temperament taste and desires of life.† It recommends Yoga to all kinds of people even to the non Hindus so that they can get to know God while doing daily duties in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Hinduisms Religion and Its Scriptures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Radhakrishnan and Moore(1967) further claim that, â€Å"Instructors of Yoga put a lot of emphasis on self control and practical acquisition of Sadhana that is aimed at providing control for the mind and all that pertain self identity.† This religion does not merely rely on theories, but practical in nature. If you can compare the kind of activities that are done in Hinduism like Yoga, no other religion uses this practical approach. Some scholars define religion as a â€Å"practical aspect of philosophy and philosophy as a rational aspect of religion.† Hinduism as a religion is a practical manner in which people lead their lives. For a Hindu loyalist, religion is an avenue to gain spiritualism. Practices associated with this religion are an avenue to gain freedom for a person. All aspects of life are dictated upon by the religious practices of the Hindu people. These practices allow people to find ways through which they can attain freedom for the soul and life in general. A person who is considered an Hindu is one that believes that Vedas contain true scriptures while other define a Hindu as a person who follows a religion that has its roots in India among many other liberal definitions. Hinduism has survived for a long time because of the nature of practices and teachings it proposes. In this religion, there is no worship of many gods neither does it compel people to practice certain behaviors. It is an amalgamation of several religious practices and experiences with full consideration of the human life. It discourages fanatics which has enabled it survive amongst a big number of religions in the world. Hinduism has a global presence. It can accommodate all the teachings of other religions of the world. Teachings of Hinduism are flexible and quite easy to adopt. Its practical approach to issues in life makes it unique while its ethics are considered by Hindus as soul elevating. It has some teachings for the modern world in the manner in wh ich it can handle issues of hatred and war from the teachings that advocate for universal love, truthfulness and peace among people. Practicing Yoga implies you appreciate the scriptures and practices of Hinduism. The scriptures of Hinduism are known as Sanskrit literature. They are classified differently according to their forms and authority. Among their doctrines is the Srutis, which is also referred to as the Vedas. It implies the scriptures that arose as a result of revelation and classified as superhuman revelations that have no human authors.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sargeant (1984) claims that, â€Å"The Hindus hold the Vedas with high respect and pride with supreme authority over the whole world. The word Srutis which also means Vedas means knowledge.† According to the scriptures of the Hindu, it means a documentation of facts that bring knowledge. All the other scriptures have their basis in the Vedas. According to some researchers, the Vedas is the source of Wisdom in India which humanity will cherish forever. According to the teaching of Hinduism, the Veda is true teachings that were revealed to Rishis in the ancient India. These teachings were believed to have been heard by Rishi which forms the basis for its naming as Sruti which means to hear. Even after hearing, Rishi did not write them down but believed that these teachings were existent even before they were revealed to him. All the other religions in the world give credit to specific people that were sent by God to bring the truth to people. The Vedas which also implies Hindui sm does not recognize any authority as having been sent by God. They recognize themselves as having been given knowledge and authority by God to find out for themselves. They believe this knowledge was given to them by Lord Brahma whom they consider as their creator. The Rishis have been depicted by Hindus to have had a strong connection with the creator. They were inspired to write the scriptures and left an example that has been followed by other religions to date. Vasu (1919) elaborates that â€Å"Apart from the Srutis, Hindus also follow the doctrines written in the book called Rig Veda Samhita which is believed to be the oldest book.† Just like the Christian bible, Hindus hold the scripture of this book with high respect and forms the basis of foundation of their values right from birth. The manner in which it is written is stylish and inspiring. The immortal expression of the Mantras depicts it as the oldest book of religion in the earth that contains the truth. The scr ipture in this book is written in prose form and is meant to be interpreted by a priest called the Adhvaryu. It outlines procedures that ought to be followed when delivering sacrifices. Other teachings of Hinduism are the Upanishads. This is a section of the Vedas that form concluding remarks. The teachings in the Upanishads form the basic values of Hinduism and are also referred to as the Vedanta. There are different categories of Upanishads affiliated to the Veda. Though they might give different interpretation of the Veda, the all obey the authority and values of Upanishads. Scholars from western countries appreciate the work of the Upanishads because at a time when the west was far behind in terms of development, the seers of the Upanishads had achieved incredible civilization. Smritis is another doctrine of the Hindus. Fuller (2004) argues that, â€Å"Unlike the Sruti, Smritis is a secondary source of scriptures to the Hindus.† It contains sacred laws that were followed by the Hindus with regard to the Sanatana Dharma. They provide further explanations of scriptures contained in the Vedas especially the chapter on Vidhis. The teachings of the Smriti are dependent on the teachings of Sruti and contain stipulated explanations of regulations that govern the society as a whole and the family. From the past, all laws that determine the way of life for the Hindus are written in the Smritis. It contains a laid down policy in which individuals in the society should follow so as to gain harmony. It stipulates the duties of all men. A typical Hinduism follower has to learn from the Smritis on how to conduct his or her entire lifetime. The main emphasis of this book is to purify a human being so as to get perfection and freedom. Due to the dynamics of the times, the present day society ought to be given a new Smriti to accommodate the changes that have been seen with time. This is due to the fact that Hinduism itself allows people to formulate ideas that enab le them gain freedom. Sruti and the Smriti books form the basic foundations of the teachings of Hinduism. From the explanations of the two books, Sruti means what is heard while Smriti implies that which is to be remembered. The other books that contain the doctrines of Hindus are the Itihasas, Puranas, Agamas, Tevaram and Tichurakam. Dharma is one of the dominant aspects of Hinduism and is used to mean righteousness. It is used mainly to foster unity and brotherhood among members of the community. It promotes harmony and brings unity of purpose. Hindus describe it as an avenue through which solutions to conflicts in the world emanate. The opposite of this word is Adharma. According to Banerji (1992), â€Å"Dharma brings happiness to people while on earth and in the next world.† Dharma is further described as that thing that lifts people to attain perfection and freedom. It connects people to have straight communication with God, implying that it is a way of going directly to God. The definition of Dharma is not limited. It also means laws that govern our daily lives that are categorized under Achara. Hinduism has different roles for different categories of people, rules for men are different from those of women but they all promote harmony and peace in the society. The basis upon which ethics is determined in Hinduism is the responsibility of Dharma. From the earlier discussion, practice of Dharma brings harmony and respect in the society. It proposes a life of love, brotherhood and friendliness. By abiding by Dharma, one is guaranteed of good life now and even after death. According to the Hindu practices, â€Å"Ethics is a cornerstone of Yoga, Vendanta and realization of Godliness.† They believe that if one does achieve ethical perfection, then he or she will not achieve spiritual perfection. For instance, a student pursuing Yoga must be ethically perfect and should not engage in practices that will cause harm, injury or abuse. The ethics of H induism are based the rules set forth by Buddha. Just like many other religions, Hinduism has got rituals that are widely practiced. One of them is Sandhyopasana. This ritual is characterized by prayers that are offered to God in timed occasions of the day. During these prayers, people seek forgiveness of transgressions committed when carrying out daily routines. It is believed that these prayers have to be performed during specific times when the Lord can hear them. Other times that are not stipulated in the schedule, prayers cannot be heard. The Samskaras is a ritual in the Hindu religion that defines the sanctity of life. It elaborates purification practices that ought to be followed in the entire life of and Hindu loyalist. What ought to be done in every stage of life is documented. Garbhadana is a ritual in Hinduism where the husband prays for conception to occur. They believe that through this prayer, the cells in the embryo are excited. Simantonnayana is a ritual performed af ter seven months of pregnancy to offer protection to the unborn baby. According to Sargeant (1984), â€Å"Jatakarma ritual is conducted immediately after a baby has been born as a sign of welcome and success wishes in life. Other rituals that follow include Namakarana, Annaprasana, Chudakarma, and Upanayana in life.† In the present day, several aspects of the religion of Hinduism have been incorporated in the society. These include the celebrations that are done when a child is born, during birthdays, weddings and burials. In search for perfection, people have resorted to interpreting scriptures of religions in a manner that suits their practices. As far as looking for harmony in the society is concerned, leaders have resorted to promote religious values that bring love and brotherhood just like Hinduism promotes these practices. References Banerji, S. (1992). Tantra in Bengal (Second Revised and Enlarged ed.), Delhi: Manohar. Fuller, C. (2004). The Camphor Flame: Popular Hin duism and Society in India, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Radhakrishnan, S and Moore, C. (1967). A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Sargeant, W. (1984). The Bhagavad Gita, New York: State University of New York Press. Smith, H. (1991). The Worlds Religions: Our Great Wisdom Traditions, San Francisco: Harper SanFrancisco. Vasu, S. (1919). The Catechism of Hindu Dharma, New York: Kessinger Publishing, LLC.

Sewing Machines Believed to Contain Red Mercury

Sewing Machines Believed to Contain Red Mercury Do you have an old Singer sewing machine? If so, it may be worth $50,000. BBC is reporting on a sewing machine hoax in Saudia Arabia in which people are rushing to buy old Singer sewing machines based on the belief that they might contain red mercury. No one knows for sure where the rumor started, much less the more curious rumor that you can hold your mobile phone up to a sewing machine to somehow detect the presence of red mercury. The story goes you will lose your signal if you hold your phone up to the needle of a sewing machine that contains red mercury. What Is Red Mercury? Its a fabled substance that might be used to produce nuclear weapons, ward off evil spirits, or help you find treasure, depending on who you ask. There is no real proof that red mercury exists, except perhaps as cinnabar or vermillion (HgS) or mercury(II) iodide, either of which you can purchase sans sewing machine for a much lower price. Still, if you have your old Singer up for auction at eBay, it might fetch a higher price than you were expecting. If youre considering buying an old Singer, save your pennies until after the scam has run its course.

UK Government in Encouraging Sustainability in Businesses Essay

UK Government in Encouraging Sustainability in Businesses - Essay Example This essay stresses that  the concept of sustainability first became prominent with the publication of the Bruntland Report in 1987. The report defines sustainability as â€Å"meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†.From this paper it is clear that  the concept of sustainability has evolved overtime since it was first defined. In earlier days, it was mainly an operational concern that focused on defensive strategies to cut waste and reduce organizational footprint. It then evolved and took a more strategic stance with focus shifting to value chains and innovation from waste and cost reduction. Right now, the concept pervades all organizational decision making.  This trend clearly shows a move towards rendering the term sustainability in business redundant as it will simply be how business is done. However in the present, businesses are consciously incorporating sustainability into their business decisions.   Most businesses express their sustainability goals through corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments. CSR within an organisation is often composed of practises, policies and programs that are integrated throughout the business’s operations from decision making, processes to supply chain, which aim at ensuring current sustainable business operations taking into consideration future impacts.  Governments around the globe have increasingly grown aware of the significance of encouraging sustainability in businesses.... hows that many organizations are actively integrating and incorporating sustainability principles into their business operations, and the reasons behind this go far beyond reputation management. A sustainable business hence genuinely delivers environmental, economic and social benefits simultaneously in its operations while minimising the damage to society and the environment (Nidumolu, Prahalad, and Rangaswami, 2009:1). Most businesses express their sustainability goals through corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitments. CSR within an organisation is often composed of practises, policies and programs that are integrated throughout the business’s operations from decision making, processes to supply chain, which aim at ensuring current sustainable business operations taking into consideration future impacts (Petrini and Pozzebon, 2010: 364; Baumgartner and Ebner, 2010:77). Companies are increasingly inclined to incorporate society’s expectations of ethical busines s practices into their business strategies as a way of not only responding to pressures from stakeholders such as employees and consumers among others, but also exploring opportunities that create competitive advantage for the company. Assessment of the role of UK government in encouraging sustainability in businesses as compared to other stakeholders Governments around the globe have increasingly grown aware of the significance of encouraging sustainability in businesses. In the UK, the government has played a critical role in encouraging sustainability in businesses. The government’s role in sustainability adoption often takes a regulatory approach. This is unlike other stakeholders of an organisation which have different key roles to play in encouraging sustainability, for instance, employees

Legalization of Marijuna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalization of Marijuna - Essay Example These variations are responsible for carrying out research studies to assess marijuana for medical implications. According to IOM report (1999), Marijuana contains certain components which are potentially efficient in relieving pain, nausea as well as vomiting. It is also found to be effective for AIDS associated failure to eat. Research reveals that marijuana could be used as therapeutic agent to relieve pain and sufferings in severely ill cases, as it acts as a medicine when other drugs or medications fail. Smoking marijuana is found to be the most diffident approach as it delivers the drug appropriately and at a faster pace (Should marijuana be a medical option?). Considering the issue, should the use of marijuana as medicine be legalized? The argument has both the pros and cons. Supporters have their viewpoint as marijuana was found to be effective in treating fatally ailing patients. This group encompasses physicians especially those dealing with chronic illness such as AIDS and cancer. The two major groups supporting the legalization of marijuana are Physicians Association for AIDS and National Lymphoma Foundation. Physicians instituted that marijuana was found to stimulate appetite in AIDS patients and thereby providing them confidence to struggle treacherous consequences. Marijuana was also found to be effective in glaucoma patients, cancer cases and other fatal diseases. Marijuana works as a wonder drug for these ailing cases as it encourages lifesaving treatment such as chemotherapy with ease and comfort (Term paper on Legalization Of Marijuana.). On the contrary, the anti-marijuana group such as Drug Enforcement Agency and Police Department present a view that marijuana is a dangerous drug and provides an addiction to the patient, therefore should not be included in the list of prescribed drugs. They portray an analysis where marijuana was found to display harmful effects similar to cocaine and morphine,